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Background  The knowledge of mosquito species diversity and the level of anthropophily exhibited by each species in a region are of great importance to the integrated vector control. Culicine species are the primary vectors of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus and filariasis in China.  Anopheles sinensis  plays a major role in the maintenance of  Plasmodium vivax  malaria transmission in China. The goal of this study was to compare the abundance and host-seeking behavior of culicine species and  An. sinensis  in Yongcheng city, a representative region of  P. vivax  malaria. Specifically, we wished to determine the relative attractiveness of different animal baits versus human bait to culicine species and  An. sinensis .    Results   Culex tritaeniorhynchus  was the most prevalent mosquito species and  An. sinensis  was the sole potential vector of  P. vivax  malaria in Yongcheng city. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) in the abundance of both  An. sinensis  and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  collected in distinct baited traps. The relative attractiveness of animal versus human bait was similar towards both  An. sinensis  and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus . The ranking derived from the mean number of mosquitoes per bait indicated that pigs, goats and calves frequently attracted more mosquitoes than the other hosts tested (dogs, humans, and chickens). These trends were similar across all capture nights at three distinct villages. The human blood index (HBI) of female  An. sinensis  was 2.94% when computed with mixed meals while 3.70% computed with only the single meal. 19:00~21:00 was the primary peak of host-seeking female  An. sinensis  while 4:00~5:00 was the smaller peak at night. There was significant correlation between the density of female  An. sinensis  and the average relative humidity (P < 0.05) in Wangshanzhuang village.    Conclusions  Pigs, goats and calves were more attractive to  An. sinensis  and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  than dogs, humans, and chickens. Female  An. sinensis  host-seeking activity mainly occurred from 19:00 to 21:00. Thus, we propose that future vector control against  An. sinensis  and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  in the areas along the Huang-Huai River of central China should target the interface of human activity with domestic animals and adopt before human hosts go to bed at night.

The abundance and host-seeking behavior of culicine species (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles sinensis in Yongcheng city, people's Republic of China