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Background   Anaplasmataceae  and  Borrelia burgdorferi  s.l. are important tick-borne bacteria maintained in nature by transmission between ticks and vertebrate hosts. However, the potential role of lizards as hosts has not been sufficiently studied.    Results  The current study showed that 23 of 171 examined sand lizards  Lacerta agilis  were PCR positive for  Anaplasmataceae . The nucleotide sequences of the several selected PCR products showed 100% homology with  Anaplasma  spp. found in  Ixodes ricinus  collected in Tunisia and Morocco (AY672415 - AY672420). 1.2% of lizard collar scale samples were PCR positive for  B. lusitaniae . In addition, 12 of 290 examined  I. ricinus  were PCR positive for  B. burgdorferi  s.l. and 82 were PCR positive for  Anaplasmatacea . The number of ticks per lizard and the number of ticks PCR positive for both microorganisms per lizard were strongly correlated. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between numbers of ticks infected with  Anaplasmataceae  and with  B. burgdorferi  s.l. living on the same lizard. However, there was no significant correlation between detection of both bacteria in the same tick.    Conclusions  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of  Anaplasmataceae  DNA and additionally the second report of  B. burgdorferi  s.l DNA detection in the sand lizard.

parasites and vectors

Anaplasmataceae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the sand lizard Lacerta agilis and co-infection of these bacteria in hosted Ixodes ricinus ticks