English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  The control of onchocerciasis in the African region is currently based mainly on the mass drug administration of ivermectin. Whilst this has been found to limit morbidity, it does not stop transmission. In the absence of a macrofilaricide, there is a need for an integrated approach for disease management, which includes vector control. Vector control using chemical insecticides is expensive to apply, and therefore the use of other measures such as biological control agents is needed. Immature stages of  Simulium squamosum , reared in the laboratory from egg masses collected from the field at Boti Falls and Huhunya (River Pawnpawn) in Ghana, were observed to be attacked and fed upon by larvae of the chironomid  Cardiocladius oliffi  Freeman, 1956 (Diptera: Chironomidae).    Methods   Cardiocladius oliffi  was successfully reared in the rearing system developed for  S. damnosum  s.l. and evaluated for its importance as a biological control agent in the laboratory.    Results  Even at a ratio of one  C. oliffi  to five  S. squamosum , they caused a significant decrease in the number of adult  S. squamosum  emerging from the systems (treatments). Predation was confirmed by the amplification of  Simulium  DNA from  C. oliffi  observed to have fed on  S. squamosum  pupae. The study also established that the chironomid flies could successfully complete their development on a fish food diet only.    Conclusion   Cardiocladius oliffi  has been demonstrated as potential biological control agent against  S. squamosum .

Cardiocladius oliffi (Diptera: Chironomidae) as a potential biological control agent against Simulium squamosum (Diptera: Simuliidae)