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The specific aim of this study was to assess the faecal shedding of zoonotic enteropathogens by semi-domesticated reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) to deduce the potential risk to human health through modern reindeer herding. In total, 2,243 faecal samples of reindeer from northern regions of Finland and Norway were examined for potentially enteropathogenic bacteria ( Campylobacter  species,  Enterococcus  species,  Escherichia coli ,  Salmonella  species and  Yersinia  species) and parasites ( Cryptosporidium  species) in accordance with standard procedures.  Escherichia coli  were isolated in 94.7%,  Enterococcus  species in 92.9%,  Yersinia  species in 4.8% of the samples and  Campylobacter  species in one sample only (0.04%). Analysis for virulence factors in  E. coli  and  Yersinia  species revealed no pathogenic strains. Neither  Salmonella  species nor  Cryptosporidium  oocysts were detected. The public health risk due to reindeer husbandry concerning zoonotic diseases included in this study has to be considered as very low at present but a putative epidemiological threat may arise when herding conditions are changed with respect to intensification and crowding.

acta veterinaria scandinavica

Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium oocysts in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Northern Finland and Norway