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Background  The major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Most CIN grade 2 and 3 lesions are treated with cone excision, although a substantial proportion (6-50%) of CIN2-3 lesions will regresses spontaneously. Predictors for regression of CIN2-3 are desirable in order to reduce this overtreatment.    Methods  In this prospective cohort study, 145 consecutive women with first-time onset CIN2-3 in colposcopy-directed biopsies and standardized biopsy-cone excision interval were included. The genotype of the high-risk human papillomaviruses (= hr HPV) and clinical factors including sexual behaviour, parity, contraception and smoking were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups according to lesions containing HPV16 ( hr HPV16+) and high-risk non-HPV16 ( hr HPV16-) genotypes.    Results  Women whose partners consistently used condoms showed a significantly higher regression rate than women using other types of contraception (53% versus 13%, p<0.0001). However, this effect was only seen in  hr HPV16- patients (73% regression rate versus 13%, p<0.0001).  Hr HPV16+ patients had a significantly higher number of sexual partners and more current smokers compared to  hr HPV16- patients. The regression rate was not significantly different in CIN2-3 lesions containing HPV16 ( hr HPV16+) versus  hr HPV16- genotypes.    Conclusions  Heterogeneity among  hr HPV genotypes excists. HPV-genotype analyses can identify women who significantly increase their chance of regression by consistent condom use.

infectious agents and cancer

Consistent condom use increases spontaneous regression in high-risk non-HPV16 but not in HPV16 CIN2-3 lesions, a prospective population-based cohort study