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Background  This study aims to isolate the α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from mulberry leaves ( Morus atropurpurea  Roxb., Moraceae) and to develop an analytical method for quantification of the compounds.    Methods  Four flavonoids, rutin ( 1 ), isoquercetin ( 2 ), kaempferol-3- O -rutinoside ( 3 ) and astragalin ( 4 ), were isolated by column chromatography from mulberry leaf water extracts (MWE). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of MWE and the four isolated compounds were evaluated by a microplate-based  in vitro  assay. The content of the isolated flavonoids in  M .  atropurpurea  leaves purchased from different local herbal stores or collected in different locations was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.    Results  The four flavonoids ( 1 – 4 ) showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with rutin ( 1 ) and astragalin ( 4 ) showing high α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC 50  values of 13.19 ± 1.10 and 15.82 ± 1.11 μM, respectively). The total contents of the four flavonoids were different among eight samples examined, ranging from 4.34 mg/g to 0.53 mg/g.    Conclusions  The four flavonoids in  M .  atropurpurea  leaves could inhibit α-glucosidase activity.

Flavonoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and their contents in the leaves of Morus atropurpurea