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Background  Many medicinal plants are increasingly endangered due to overexploitation and habitat destruction. To provide reliable references for conservation planning and regional management, this study focuses on large-scale distribution prediction of  Rheum tanguticum  Maxim. ex Balf ( Dahuang ).    Methods  Native habitats were determined by specimen examination. An improved version of GIS-based program for the distribution prediction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCMGIS-II) was employed to integrate national geographic, climate and soil type databases of China. Grid-based distance analysis of climate factors was based on the Mikowski distance and the analysis of soil types was based on grade division. The database of resource survey was employed to assess the reliability of prediction result.    Results  A total of 660 counties of 17 provinces in China, covering a land area of 3.63 × 10 6  km 2 , shared similar ecological factors with those of native habitats appropriate for  R. tanguticum  growth.    Conclusion  TCMGIS-II modeling found the potential habitats of target medicinal plants for their conservation planning. This technology is useful in conservation planning and regional management of medicinal plant resources.

TCMGIS-II based prediction of medicinal plant distribution for conservation planning: a case study of Rheum tanguticum