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This article exemplifies a systematic approach to revealing the complexity of Chinese herbal medicine formulae through three levels of scientific research: standardization of herbs, verification of ancient formulae and mechanism studies. We use  Danggui Buxue Tang  ( DBT ) as an example for this approach. Among thousands of traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulae, almost all of which consist of multiple herbs,  DBT  is one of the simplest. Containing only two herbs, namely  Radix Astragali  ( RA ) and  Radix Angelicae Sinensis  ( RAS ),  DBT  is traditionally used to treat ailments in women. The weight ratio of  RA  to  RAS  in  DBT  was prescribed to be 5:1 as early as in 1247 AD. In addition to advanced chemical analysis of herbal constituents, DNA genotyping techniques have been developed for reliable standardization of  RA  and  RAS . Chemical evaluation shows that main active constituents in  DBT , including astragaloside IV, calycosin, formononetin and ferulic acid, were most abundant after extraction at the  RA  to  RAS  ratio of 5:1, whereas other tested  RA  to  RAS  ratios only gave sub-optimal levels of the active constituents. Biological evaluation indicates that bioactivities of  DBT , e.g. immuno-modulatory, oesteotropic and estrogenic effects are also best exerted at the  RA  to  RAS  ratio of 5:1. Correlation analysis demonstrates statistically significant relationship between the tested chemical constituents and tested bioactivities. Up- and down-regulation of expression of some genes as potential biomarkers has been detected by using gene chip technology. This systematic approach on the basis of herbal standardization, chemical and biological verification and mechanism studies, as exemplified in this article, will be useful to reveal the complexity of not only  DBT  but also other Chinese medicine herbal formulae.

chinese medicine

Verification of the formulation and efficacy of Danggui Buxue Tang (a decoction of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis): an exemplifying systematic approach to revealing the complexity of Chinese herbal medicine formulae