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Background  During early brain development, the organisation of neural progenitors into a neuroepithelial sheet maintains tissue integrity during growth. Neuroepithelial cohesion and patterning is essential for orderly proliferation and neural fate specification. Neuroepithelia are regionalised by the expression of transcription factors and signalling molecules, resulting in the formation of distinct developmental, and ultimately functional, domains.    Results  We have discovered that the  Six3/6  family orthologue  Optix  is an essential regulator of neuroepithelial maintenance and patterning in the  Drosophila  brain.  Six3  and  Six6  are required for mammalian eye and forebrain development, and mutations in humans are associated with severe eye and brain malformation. In  Drosophila , Optix is expressed in a sharply defined region of the larval optic lobe, and its expression is reciprocal to that of the transcription factor Vsx1.  Optix  gain- and loss-of-function affects neuroepithelial adhesion, integrity and polarity. We find restricted cell lineage boundaries that correspond to transcription factor expression domains.    Conclusion  We propose that the optic lobe is compartmentalised by expression of Optix and Vsx1. Our findings provide insight into the spatial patterning of a complex region of the brain, and suggest an evolutionarily conserved principle of visual system development.

Optix defines a neuroepithelial compartment in the optic lobe of the Drosophila brain