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Background  Precise connections of neural circuits can be specified by genetic programming. In the  Drosophila  olfactory system, projection neurons (PNs) send dendrites to single glomeruli in the antenna lobe (AL) based upon lineage and birth order and send axons with stereotyped terminations to higher olfactory centers. These decisions are likely specified by a PN-intrinsic transcriptional code that regulates the expression of cell-surface molecules to instruct wiring specificity.    Results  We find that the loss of  longitudinals lacking  ( lola ), which encodes a BTB-Zn-finger transcription factor with 20 predicted splice isoforms, results in wiring defects in both axons and dendrites of all lineages of PNs. RNA  in situ  hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR suggest that most if not all  lola  isoforms are expressed in all PNs, but different isoforms are expressed at widely varying levels. Overexpression of individual  lola  isoforms fails to rescue the  lola  null phenotypes and causes additional phenotypes. Loss of  lola  also results in ectopic expression of Gal4 drivers in multiple cell types and in the loss of transcription factor gene  lim1  expression in ventral PNs.    Conclusion  Our results indicate that  lola  is required for wiring of axons and dendrites of most PN classes, and suggest a need for its molecular diversity. Expression pattern changes of Gal4 drivers in  lola  -/-  clones imply that  lola  normally represses the expression of these regulatory elements in a subset of the cells surrounding the AL. We propose that Lola functions as a general transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes ultimately controlling PN identity and wiring specificity.

Lola regulates Drosophila olfactory projection neuron identity and targeting specificity