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Background  Protease inhibitors, particularly ritonavir, causes significant gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, even at low doses. This ritonavir-induced nausea could be related to its oxidative stress in the gut. Alleviation of drug-induced nausea is important in effectively increasing patients' compliance and improving their quality of life. Conventional anti-emetic drugs can only partially abate the symptoms in these patients, and their cost has also been a concern. Rats respond to nausea-producing emetic stimuli by increasing consumption of non-nutritive substances like kaolin or clay, a phenomenon known as pica. In this study, we used this rat pica model to evaluate the effects of  Scutellaria baicalensis , a commonly used oriental herbal medicine, on ritonavir-induced nausea.    Results  Rats treated with 20 mg/kg ritonavir significant caused increases of kaolin consumption at 24 to 48 hr ( P  < 0.01). Pretreatment with 0.3 and 3 mg/kg  Scutellaria baicalensis  extract significantly decreased ritonavir-induced kaolin intake in a dose-related manner ( P  < 0.01). Compared to vehicle treatment, the extract completely prevented ritonavir-induced kaolin consumption at dose 3 mg/kg. The area under the curves (AUC) for kaolin intake from time 0 to 120 hr for vehicle only, ritonavir only, SbE 0.3 mg/kg plus ritonavir, and SbE 3 mg/kg plus ritonavir were 27.3 g•hr, 146.7 g•hr, 123.2 g•hr, and 32.7 g•hr, respectively. The reduction in area under the curves of kaolin intake from time 0 to 120 hr between ritonavir only and SbE 0.3 mg/kg plus ritonavir, ritonavir only and SbE 3 mg/kg plus ritonavir were 16.0% and 77.7%, respectively.    Conclusion   Scutellaria baicalensis  significantly attenuated ritonavir-induced pica, and demonstrated a potential in treating ritonavir-induced nausea.

Scutellaria baicalensis decreases ritonavir-induced nausea