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Background  Given the complexity of higher organisms, the number of genes encoded by their genomes is surprisingly small. Tissue specific regulation of expression and splicing are major factors enhancing the number of the encoded products. Commonly these mechanisms are intragenic and affect only one gene.    Results  Here we provide evidence that the  IL4I1  gene is specifically transcribed from the apparent promoter of the upstream  NUP62  gene, and that the first two exons of  NUP62  are also contained in the novel  IL4I1_2  variant. While expression of  IL4I1  driven from its previously described promoter is found mostly in B cells, the expression driven by the  NUP62  promoter is restricted to cells in testis (Sertoli cells) and in the brain (e.g., Purkinje cells). Since  NUP62  is itself ubiquitously expressed, the  IL4I1_2  variant likely derives from cell type specific alternative pre-mRNA processing.    Conclusion  Comparative genomics suggest that the promoter upstream of the  NUP62  gene originally belonged to the  IL4I1  gene and was later acquired by  NUP62  via insertion of a retroposon. Since both genes are apparently essential, the promoter had to serve two genes afterwards. Expression of the  IL4I1  gene from the " NUP62 " promoter and the tissue specific involvement of the pre-mRNA processing machinery to regulate expression of two unrelated proteins indicate a novel mechanism of gene regulation.

Alternative pre-mRNA processing regulates cell-type specific expression of the IL4l1 and NUP62 genes