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Background  When given during the course of puberty, anastrozole (A), an aromatase inhibitor, has been shown to increase the predicted adult height (PAH) of GH-deficient (GHD) boys treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Our study questioned whether this treatment could retain some of its effects in non-GHD adolescent boys if started only at the very end of puberty, a time when rhGH treatment is denied to short adolescents who have almost reached their final height.    Objective  To explore the effect on adult height of a combination of rhGH and A, compared with rhGH alone, at the end of puberty in boys with idiopatic short stature (ISS).    Methods  A prospective randomized study comparing rhGH + A and rhGH was conducted in 24 healthy adolescent boys aged 15.2 ± 1.2 yrs with serum testosterone at adult levels and a faltering growth velocity <3.5 cm/yr leading to a predicted adult height (PAH) <2.5 SDS. Treatments were stopped when growth velocity became <10 mm in 6 months or when height was close to 170 cm. A historical group of ISS adolescents (N = 17) matched for puberty and growth was used for comparison.    Results  IGF1 levels remained within normal limits in all treated patients. Mean treatment duration was 19 months in the rhGH + A group and 11.5 months in the rhGH group (P = 6.10 −4 ). Adult height reached 168.4 ± 2.6 cm in the rhGH + A group and 164.2 ± 5.6 cm in the rhGH group (P < 0.02). Adult height was 160.1 ± 2.8 cm in the historical controls.    Conclusion  A combination of rhGH and A, started at the very end of puberty, seems to allow boys with ISS to reach a greater adult height than rhGH alone. Larger trials are needed to confirm this preliminary observation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1687-9856-2015-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

international journal of pediatric endocrinology/international journal of pediatric endocrinology

A randomized pilot trial of growth hormone with anastrozole versus growth hormone alone, starting at the very end of puberty in adolescents with idiopathic short stature