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In uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, efficient resource allocation can greatly improve system performance. In this article, taking throughput, inter-cell interference and complexity into account, we present a game-theoretical approach to perform distributed subcarrier allocation for multi-cell OFDMA systems with limited base station (BS) coordination. Firstly, we construct a multi-cell resource allocation game. Creatively, the subcarrier is viewed as a game player to choose the most satisfying user and the BS acts as a referee or a coordinator. Then, we introduce the correlated equilibrium which helps the non-cooperative players coordinate their strategies, hence, achieves better performance compared to Nash equilibrium. Particularly, we point out the condition under which the correlated equilibrium is Pareto efficient. Moreover, we propose a novel subcarrier allocation algorithm based on the no-regret procedure that guarantees convergence to correlated equilibrium, in which the BS coordinates the players’ strategies and provides only partial information exchange. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Subcarrier allocation based on correlated equilibrium in multi-cell OFDMA systems