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Background  The purpose was to investigate the effects of one dose of NaHCO 3  per day for five consecutive days on cycling time-to-exhaustion ( T  lim ) at ‘Critical Power’ (CP) and acid–base parameters in endurance athletes.    Methods  Eight trained male cyclists and triathletes completed two exercise periods in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind interventional crossover investigation. Before each period, CP was determined. Afterwards, participants completed five constant-load cycling trials at CP until volitional exhaustion on five consecutive days, either after a dose of NaHCO 3  (0.3 g·kg -1  body mass) or placebo (0.045 g·kg -1  body mass NaCl).    Results  Average  T  lim  increased by 23.5% with NaHCO 3  supplementation as compared to placebo (826.5 ± 180.1  vs.  669.0 ± 167.2 s;  P  = 0.001). However, there was no time effect for  T  lim  ( P  = 0.375). [HCO 3  - ] showed a main effect for condition (NaHCO 3 : 32.5 ± 2.2 mmol·l -1 ; placebo: 26.2 ± 1.4 mmol·l -1 ;  P  < 0.001) but not for time ( P  = 0.835). NaHCO 3  supplementation resulted in an expansion of plasma volume relative to placebo ( P  = 0.003).    Conclusions  The increase in  T  lim  was accompanied by an increase in [HCO 3  - ], suggesting that acidosis might be a limiting factor for exercise at CP. Prolonged NaHCO 3  supplementation did not lead to a further increase in [HCO 3  - ] due to the concurrent elevation in plasma volume. This may explain why  T  lim  remained unaltered despite the prolonged NaHCO 3  supplementation period. Ingestion of one single NaHCO 3  dose per day before the competition during multiday competitions or tournaments might be a valuable strategy for performance enhancement.    Trial registration  Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier  NCT01621074

Multiday acute sodium bicarbonate intake improves endurance capacity and reduces acidosis in men