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Background  Sharing the common neuroectodermal origin, melanoma and neuroblastoma are tumors widely diffused among adult and children, respectively. Clinical prognosis of aggressive neuroectodermal cancers remains dismal, therefore the search for novel therapies against such tumors is warranted.  Curcumin  is a phytochemical compound widely studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Recently, we have synthesized and tested  in vitro  various  curcumin -related compounds in order to select new anti-tumor agents displaying stronger and selective growth inhibition activity on neuroectodermal tumors.    Results  In this work, we have demonstrated that the new α,β-unsaturated ketone D6 was more effective in inhibiting tumor cells growth when compared to  curcumin . Normal fibroblasts proliferation was not affected by this treatment. Clonogenic assay showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in both melanoma and neuroblastoma colony formation only after D6 treatment. TUNEL assay, Annexin-V staining, caspases activation and PARP cleavage unveiled the ability of D6 to cause tumor cell death by triggering apoptosis, similarly to  curcumin , but with a stronger and quicker extent. These apoptotic features appear to be associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome  c  release.  In vivo  anti-tumor activity of  curcumin  and D6 was surveyed using sub-cutaneous melanoma and orthotopic neuroblastoma xenograft models. D6 treated mice exhibited significantly reduced tumor growth compared to both control and  curcumin  treated ones (Melanoma: D6  vs  control:  P < 0.001  and D6  vs curcumin P < 0.01;  Neuroblastoma: D6  vs  both control and  curcumin :  P < 0.001 ).    Conclusions  Our data indicate D6 as a good candidate to develop new therapies against neural crest-derived tumors.

Enhanced anti-tumor activity of a new curcumin-related compound against melanoma and neuroblastoma cells