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Background   Stryphnodendron adstringens  (Mart.) Coville, Leguminosae, also known in Brazil as barbatimão, is rich in tannins and many flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins such as prodelphinidins and prorobinetinidins. Previous studies have demonstrated several pharmacological properties of tannins from barbatimão, including anti-candidal activity.    Methods  The antifungal activity of proanthocyanidin polymeric tannins from  Stryphnodendron adstringens  (subfraction F2.4) was evaluated against three strains of  Cryptococcus neoformans  with different capsule expressions, using the broth microdilution technique, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of subfraction F2.4 on  C. neoformans  and melanoma mammalian cells pigmentation was also evaluated.    Results  Although susceptibility assays revealed MIC values quite similar (between 2.5 and 5.0 μg/ml), analyses of MFC values revealing that the acapsular mutant Cap 67 was more susceptible to be killed by the subfraction F2.4 (MFC = 20 μg/ml) than the two tested capsular strains (T 1 -444 and ATCC 28957) (MFC > 160 μg/ml). Optical and electron microscopy experiments revealed relevant alterations in cell shape and size in all strains treated with 1 and 2.5 μg/ml of subfraction F2.4. Capsule size of the capsular strains decreased drastically after subfraction F2.4 treatment. In addition, ultrastructural alterations such as cell wall disruption, cytoplasm extraction, mitochondria swelling, increase in the number of cytoplasmic vacuoles and formation of membranous structures in the cytoplasm were also observed in treated yeasts. Incubation with subfraction F2.4 also decreased  C. neoformans  pigmentation, however, did not interfere in melanization of B 16 F 10  mammalian cells.    Conclusion  Our data indicate that tannins extracted from  S. adstringens  interfered with growth, capsule size and pigmentation, all important virulence factors of  C. neoformans , and may be considered as a putative candidate for the development of new antifungal agents.

Activity of tannins from Stryphnodendron adstringens on Cryptococcus neoformans: effects on growth, capsule size and pigmentation