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Abstract Background Resistance of <it>Helicobacter pylori </it>to clarithromycin has been associated with A2142G and A2143G point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of each mutation in 52 clarithromycin-resistant <it>H. pylori </it>strains and to characterize the influence each type of mutation on the MIC. Methods The MIC for clarithromycin was determined by the agar dilution method, and the point mutations of <it>H. pylori </it>were detected by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Clarithromycin MICs ranged from 2 to >256 microgram ml-1 among the 52 strains included in this study. Both the A2142G and the A2143G mutations were present in 94.2% of clarithromycin-resistant <it>H. pylori </it>strains examined. A relationship was observed between the presence of the A2142G mutation and the highest MIC values (p = 0.01). Conclusion In an <it>H. pylori-</it>infected population, the A2142G mutation may incur to a greater probability of treatment failure if clarithromycin is used.</p

Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene are associated with clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Brazil