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Background  Flaxseed has received attention for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role. The present study hypothesizes if flaxseed added to a weight loss diet could improve the lipid and metabolic profiles and decrease risk factors related to cardiovascular disease.    Methods  In a prospective, single blinded 42 days protocol, subjects were allocated into two groups with low carbohydrates intake: G riceLC  (35% of carbohydrate and 60g of raw rice powder per day) and G flaxLC  (32% of carbohydrate and 60g of flaxseed powder per day). Blood pressure, anthropometric measures and serum levels of isoprostane, C-reactive protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, glucose, lipidic profile, uric acid, adiponectin, leptin and insulin were measured at baseline and at the end of interventions. Serum and urinary enterodiol and enterolactione were also measured.    Results  A total of 27 men with cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, with mean age of 33 ± 10 years to G riceLC  and 40 ± 9 years to G flaxLC . Both groups experienced weight loss and systolic blood pressure reduction. A decrease in inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-α) was observed after flaxseed intake (mean decrease of 25% and 46% for G flaxLC  respectively). All groups also showed improvement in levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, uric acid and adiponectin. Only G flaxLC  group showed a decrease in triglyceride levels.    Conclusion  This study suggests that flaxseed added to a weight loss diet could be an important nutritional strategy to reduce inflammation markers such as CRP and TNF-α.    Trial registration  ClinicalTrials.gov  NCT02132728 .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2891-14-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study