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Results from the in vitro study showed that the ethano- lic extract of the plant leaves had the highest (p<0.05) antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 9.83 ug/ml) and cytotoxi- city (IC50 = 60.33) with moderate selectivity index of 6. 14 when compared with the other extracts. The ethanolic extract was also significantly active in vivo against P. berghei in a dose-dependent manner with maximum activity observed at 1000 mg/kg (% inhibition of 82.3 %). There was also a dose-dependent significant decrease (p<0.05) in some oxidative stress indices espe- cially nitric oxide and malonaldehyde levels. The pro- inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IFN-g) levels were also considerably low relative to control values. Conclusions The results suggest that V. amygdalina possess moderate antiplasmodial activity both in vitro and in vivo. The immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of this extract may be responsible for its antiplasmodial prop- erty. The study therefore confirms local claims on the use of the plant leaves as part of the treatment regimen in malarial infection.

In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts from Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaves