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Background  The emerging resistance of  Plasmodium  species to currently available anti-malarials remains a public health concern, hence the need for new effective, safe and affordable drugs. Natural products remain a reliable source of drugs.  Nefang  is a polyherbal anti-malarial of the Cameroonian folklore medicine with demonstrated  in vitro  antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. It is composed of  Mangifera indica  (bark and leaf),  Psidium guajava, Carica papaya, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus sinensis, Ocimum gratissimum  (leaves). This study aimed at investigating the suppressive, prophylactic and curative activities of Nefang in  Plasmodium  infected rodent models.    Methods  Systemic acute oral toxicity of Nefang aqueous and ethanol extracts was assessed in mice up to a dose of 5,000 mgkg −1  body weight. BALB/c mice and Wistar rats were inoculated with  Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi  and  Plasmodium berghei,  respectively, and treated with Nefang, the  Mangifera indica  bark/ Psidium guajava  combination and a  Psidium guajava  leaf aqueous extracts (75, 150, 300 and 600 mgkg −1  bwt). Their schizonticidal activity was then evaluated using the Peter’s 4-day suppressive test). The prophylactic and curative (Rane’s Test) activity of Nefang was also evaluated by determining the parasitaemia, survival time, body weight and temperature in pre-treated rodents.    Results  Acute oral toxicity of the extract did not cause any observed adverse effects. Percent suppressions of parasitaemia at 600 mgkg −1  bwt were as follows ( P. berghei / P. chabaudi ): Nefang – 82.9/86.3,  Mangifera indica  bark/ Psidium guajava  leaf combination extract – 79.5/81.2 and  Psidium guajava  leaf – 58.9/67.4. Nefang exhibited a prophylactic activity of 79.5% and its chemotherapeutic effects ranged from 61.2 – 86.1% with maximum effect observed at the highest experimental dose.    Conclusion  These results indicate that Nefang has excellent  in vivo  anti-malarial activities against  P. berghei  and  P. chabaudi , upholding earlier  in vitro  antiplasmodial activities against multi-drug resistant  P. falciparum  parasites as well as its traditional use. Hence, Nefang represents a promising source of new anti-malarial agents.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-456) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Anti-malarial activity of a polyherbal product (Nefang) during early and established Plasmodium infection in rodent models