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Background   Plasmodium vivax  is the most widespread of the malaria parasites infecting human hosts. In malaria-eliminating settings, both imported and local malaria predominantly occurs in border areas, and most of them are  P. vivax . Chloroquine (CQ) is the first-line drug for  P. vivax  treatment in China. To understand CQ sensitivity in  P. vivax ,  in vivo  monitoring of CQ resistance was conducted along the China-Myanmar border from 2008 to 2013.    Methods  Eligible patients with mono-infections of  P. vivax  were recruited to this study after obtaining full informed consent. CQ tablets for different categories of kg body weight ranges were given once a day for three days. Patients were followed up for 28 days. PCR was conducted to distinguish between re-infection and recrudescence, to confirm the  Plasmodium  species. The data were entered and analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment outcome and sensitivity were classified according to the WHO recommended standards.    Results  603 patients were completed valid follow-up. The fever clearance time and asexual parasite clearance times were, respectively, 22.2 ± 10.2 and 38.1 ± 12.6 hours. 594 (98.5%) patients were adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR), and nine (1.5%) patients, who were late clinical failure (LCF) or resistant response level I (RI), were imported from the neighbouring districts of Myanmar.    Conclusion  In terms of efficacy, CQ is still effective for vivax malaria treatment.  Plasmodium vivax  CQ sensitivity had not significantly changed along the China-Myanmar border of Yunnan Province, China.

Monitoring Plasmodium vivax chloroquine sensitivity along China-Myanmar border of Yunnan Province, China during 2008–2013