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Background   Plasmodium knowlesi  is the fifth  Plasmodium  species that can infect humans. The  Plasmodium  merozoite surface protein-1 42  (MSP-1 42 ) is a potential candidate for malaria vaccine. However, limited studies have focused on  P. knowlesi  MSP-1 42 .    Methods  A ~42 kDa recombinant  P. knowlesi  MSP-1 42  (pkMSP-1 42 ) was expressed using an  Escherichia coli  system. The purified pkMSP-1 42  was evaluated with malaria and non-malaria human patient sera (n = 189) using Western blots and ELISA. The immunogenicity of pkMSP-1 42  was evaluated in mouse model.    Results  The purified pkMSP-1 42  had a sensitivity of 91.0% for detection of human malaria in both assays. Specificity was 97.5 and 92.6% in Western blots and ELISA, respectively. Levels of cytokine interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 significantly increased in pkMSP-1 42 -immunized mice as compared to the negative control mice. pkMSP-1 42 -raised antibody had high endpoint titres, and the IgG isotype distribution was IgG1 > IgG2b > IgG3 > IgG2a.    Conclusions  pkMSP-1 42  was highly immunogenic and able to detect human malaria. Hence, pkMSP-1 42  would be a useful candidate for malaria vaccine development and seroprevalence studies.

Immunogenicity of bacterial-expressed recombinant Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite surface protein-142 (MSP-142)