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Background  Studies on vector behaviour should be conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control measures on malaria protection in endemic areas of Latin America, where  P. vivax  predominates. This work aims to investigate the fauna of anopheline mosquitoes and verify the impact of integrated vector management in two colonization projects in the Careiro Municipality, Western Brazilian Amazon.    Methods  Four mosquitoes’ captures were carried out from August 2008 to March 2010, with an interval of six months between each collection. Since September 2009 a large programme to reduce the burden of malaria has started in the two communities by distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) and intensification of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Human biting rates (HBRs), entomological inoculation rates (EIRs), malaria incidence rate (MIR) and  Plasmodium  carrier’s prevalence were used as outcomes to estimate the impact of the control measures.    Results  A total of 3,189 anophelines were collected, belonging to 13 species.  Anopheles darlingi  was the predominant species in the period (42.6%), followed by  Anopheles albitarsis  (38.4%).  An. darlingi  HBRs showed a notable decreasing trend from the start to the end of the study. Conversely,  An. albitarsis  increased its contribution to overall HBRs throughout the study. For  An. darlingi  there was a significant positive correlation between HBRs and MIR (p = 0.002).  Anopheles albitarsis  HBRs showed a significant negative correlation with the corresponding MIR (p = 0.045). EIR from total anophelines and from  An. darlingi  and  An. albitarsis  presented decreasing patterns in the successive collections. Four species of anophelines ( An. darlingi ,  An. albitarsis, Anopheles braziliensis  and  Anopheles nuneztovari ) were naturally infected with  Plasmodium , albeit at very low infection rates. There were a decrease in the MIR for both vivax and falciparum malaria and in the prevalence of  Plasmodium vivax  and  Plasmodium falciparum  carriers during the period of study.    Conclusions  There is strong evidence of association between the density of  An. darlingi  and the incidence of malaria in the studies sites, further highlighting the importance of this vector in malaria transmission in this region.  An. darlingi  susceptibility to control using ITN and IRS is likely to be high in the rural settlements studied.

malaria journal

Integrated vector management targeting Anopheles darlingi populations decreases malaria incidence in an unstable transmission area, in the rural Brazilian Amazon