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Background  Yeast mating provides an efficient means for strain and library construction. However, biotechnological applications of mating in the methylotrophic yeast  Pichia pastoris  have been hampered because of concerns about strain stability of  P. pastoris  diploids. The aim of the study reported here is to investigate heterologous protein expression in diploid  P. pastoris  strains and to evaluate diploid strain stability using high cell density fermentation processes.    Results  By using a monoclonal antibody as a target protein, we demonstrate that recombinant protein production in both wild-type and glycoengineered  P. pastoris  diploids is stable and efficient during a nutrient rich shake flask cultivation. When diploid strains were cultivated under bioreactor conditions, sporulation was observed. Nevertheless, both wild-type and glycoengineered  P. pastoris  diploids showed robust productivity and secreted recombinant antibody of high quality. Specifically, the yeast culture maintained a diploid state for 240 h post-induction phase while protein titer and N-linked glycosylation profiles were comparable to that of a haploid strain expressing the same antibody. As an application of mating, we also constructed an antibody display library and used mating to generate novel full-length antibody sequences .Conclusions  To the best of our knowledge, this study reports for the first time a comprehensive characterization of recombinant protein expression and fermentation using diploid  P. pastoris  strains. Data presented here support the use of mating for various applications including strain consolidation, variable-region glycosylation antibody display library, and process optimization.

Generation of diploid Pichia pastoris strains by mating and their application for recombinant protein production