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Background  Previous studies have revealed that the C-terminal region of the S-layer protein from  Lactobacillus  is responsible for the cell wall anchoring, which provide an approach for targeting heterologous proteins to the cell wall of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In this study, we developed a new surface display system in lactic acid bacteria with the C-terminal region of S-layer protein SlpB of  Lactobacillus crispatus  K2-4-3 isolated from chicken intestine.    Results  Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the C-terminal region (LcsB) of  Lb. crispatus  K2-4-3 SlpB had a high similarity with the cell wall binding domains S A  and CbsA of  Lactobacillus acidophilus  and  Lb. crispatus . To evaluate the potential application as an anchoring protein, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or beta-galactosidase (Gal) was fused to the N-terminus of the LcsB region, and the fused proteins were successfully produced in  Escherichia coli , respectively. After mixing them with the non-genetically modified lactic acid bacteria cells, the fused GFP-LcsB and Gal-LcsB were functionally associated with the cell surface of various lactic acid bacteria tested. In addition, the binding capacity could be improved by SDS pretreatment. Moreover, both of the fused proteins could simultaneously bind to the surface of a single cell. Furthermore, when the fused DNA fragment of  gfp:lcsB  was inserted into the  Lactococcus lactis  expression vector pSec:Leiss:Nuc, the GFP could not be secreted into the medium under the control of the  nisA  promoter. Western blot, in-gel fluorescence assay, immunofluorescence microscopy and SDS sensitivity analysis confirmed that the GFP was successfully expressed onto the cell surface of  L. lactis  with the aid of the LcsB anchor.    Conclusion  The LcsB region can be used as a functional scaffold to target the heterologous proteins to the cell surfaces of lactic acid bacteria  in vitro  and  in vivo , and has also the potential for biotechnological application.

Heterologous protein display on the cell surface of lactic acid bacteria mediated by the s-layer protein