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Background  Xylose mother liquor has high concentrations of xylose (35%-40%) as well as other sugars such as L-arabinose (10%-15%), galactose (8%-10%), glucose (8%-10%), and other minor sugars. Due to the complexity of this mother liquor, further isolation of xylose by simple method is not possible. In China, more than 50,000 metric tons of xylose mother liquor was produced in 2009, and the management of sugars like xylose that present in the low-cost liquor is a problem.    Results  We designed a novel strategy in which  Bacillus subtilis  and  Candida maltosa  were combined and used to convert xylose in this mother liquor to xylitol, a product of higher value. First, the xylose mother liquor was detoxified with the yeast  C. maltosa  to remove furfural and 5-hydromethylfurfural (HMF), which are inhibitors of  B. subtilis  growth. The glucose present in the mother liquor was also depleted by this yeast, which was an added advantage because glucose causes carbon catabolite repression in  B. subtilis . This detoxification treatment resulted in an inhibitor-free mother liquor, and the  C. maltosa  cells could be reused as biocatalysts at a later stage to reduce xylose to xylitol. In the second step, a recombinant  B. subtilis  strain with a disrupted xylose isomerase gene was constructed. The detoxified xylose mother liquor was used as the medium for recombinant  B. subtilis  cultivation, and this led to L-arabinose depletion and xylose enrichment of the medium. In the third step, the xylose was further reduced to xylitol by  C. maltosa  cells, and crystallized xylitol was obtained from this yeast transformation medium.  C. maltosa  transformation of the xylose-enriched medium resulted in xylitol with 4.25 g L -1 ·h -1  volumetric productivity and 0.85 g xylitol/g xylose specific productivity.    Conclusion  In this study, we developed a biological method for the purification of xylose from xylose mother liquor and subsequent preparation of xylitol by  C. maltosa -mediated biohydrogenation of xylose.

Xylitol production from xylose mother liquor: a novel strategy that combines the use of recombinant Bacillus subtilis and Candida maltosa