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Background  The antimicrobial activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts of  Bidens pilosa  L.,  Bixa orellana  L.,  Cecropia peltata  L.,  Cinchona officinalis  L.,  Gliricidia sepium  H.B. & K,  Jacaranda mimosifolia  D.Do n ,  Justicia secunda  Vahl.,  Piper pulchrum  C.DC,  P. paniculata  L. and  Spilanthes americana  Hieron were evaluated against five bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus  β  hemolític ,  Bacillus cereus ,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and  Escherichia coli ), and one yeast ( Candida albicans ). These plants are used in Colombian folk medicine to treat infections of microbial origin.    Methods  Plants were collected by farmers and traditional healers. The ethanol, hexane and water extracts were obtained by standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was found by using a modified agar well diffusion method. All microorganisms were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). MIC was determined in the plant extracts that showed some efficacy against the tested microorganisms. Gentamycin sulfate (1.0 μg/ml), clindamycin (0.3 μg/ml) and nystatin (1.0 μg/ml) were used as positive controls.    Results  The water extracts of  Bidens pilosa  L.,  Jacaranda mimosifolia  D.Do n , and  Piper pulchrum  C.DC showed a higher activity against  Bacillus cereus  and  Escherichia coli  than gentamycin sulfate. Similarly, the ethanol extracts of all species were active against  Staphylococcus aureus  except for  Justicia secunda . Furthermore,  Bixa orellana  L,  Justicia secunda  Vahl. and  Piper pulchrum  C.DC presented the lowest MICs against  Escherichia coli  (0.8, 0.6 and 0.6 μg/ml, respectively) compared to gentamycin sulfate (0.9 8g/ml). Likewise,  Justicia secunda  and  Piper pulchrum  C.DC showed an analogous MIC against  Candida albicans  (0.5 and 0.6 μg/ml, respectively) compared to nystatin (0.6 μg/ml).  Bixa orellana  L, exhibited a better MIC against  Bacillus cereus  (0.2 μg/ml) than gentamycin sulfate (0.5 μg/ml).    Conclusion  This  in vitro  study corroborated the antimicrobial activity of the selected plants used in folkloric medicine. All these plants were effective against three or more of the pathogenic microorganisms. However, they were ineffective against  Streptococcus  β  hemolytic  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Their medicinal use in infections associated with these two species is not recommended. This study also showed that  Bixa orellana  L,  Justicia secunda  Vahl. and  Piper pulchrum  C.DC could be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections