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Background  The endemic seagrass  Posidonia oceanica  (L.) Delile colonizes soft bottoms producing highly productive meadows that play a crucial role in coastal ecosystems dynamics. Human activities and natural events are responsible for a widespread meadows regression; to date the identification of "diagnostic" tools to monitor conservation status is a critical issue. In this study the feasibility of a novel tool to evaluate ecological impacts on  Posidonia  meadows has been tested. Quantification of a putative stress indicator,  i.e . phenols content, has been coupled to 2-D electrophoretic protein analysis of rhizome samples.    Results  The overall expression pattern from  Posidonia  rhizome was determined using a preliminary proteomic approach, 437 protein spots were characterized by p I  and molecular weight. We found that protein expression differs in samples belonging to sites with high or low phenols: 22 unique protein spots are peculiar of "low phenols" and 27 other spots characterize "high phenols" samples.    Conclusion   Posidonia  showed phenols variations within the meadow, that probably reflect the heterogeneity of environmental pressures. In addition, comparison of the 2-D electrophoresis patterns allowed to highlight qualitative protein expression differences in response to these pressures. These differences may account for changes in metabolic/physiological pathways as adaptation to stress. A combined approach, based on phenols content determination and 2-D electrophoresis protein pattern, seems a promising tool to monitor  Posidonia  meadows health state.

Phenols content and 2-D electrophoresis protein pattern: a promising tool to monitor Posidonia meadows health state