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Background  Bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria are commonly used as natural protective cultures. Among them, strains of the genus  Pediococcus  are particularly interesting for their ability to produce pediocin, a broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide with a strong antagonistic activity against the food-borne pathogen  Listeria monocytogenes . Furthermore, there is increasing interest in isolating new bacteriocin-producing strains of human intestinal origin that could be developed for probiotic effects and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. In this work, we typed a new strain, co-isolated from baby faeces together with a  Bifidobacterium thermophilum  strain, and characterized its proteinaceous compound with strong antilisterial activity.    Results  The newly isolated strain UVA1 was identified as a  Pediococcus acidilactici  by carbohydrate fermentation profile, growth at 50°C and 16S rDNA sequencing. The partially purified bacteriocin was heat resistant up to 100°C, active over a wide range of pH (2 to 9) and susceptible to proteolytic enzymes. The molecular weight, estimated by SDS-PAGE, was similar to that of pediocin AcH/PA-1 (4.5 kDa).  P. acidilactici  UVA1 harboured a 9.5-kb plasmid that could be cured easily, which resulted in the loss of the antimicrobial activity. Southern hybridization using the DIG-labelled  pedA -probe established that the bacteriocin gene was plasmid-borne as for all pediocin described so far. Nucleotide sequence of the whole operon (3.5 kb) showed almost 100 % similarity to the pediocin AcH/PA-1 operon. The mRNA transcript for  pedA  could be detected in  P. acidilactici  UVA1 but not in the cured derivative, confirming the expression of the  pedA -gene in UVA1. Using a new real-time PCR assay, eleven out of seventeen human faecal samples tested were found to contain  pedA -DNA.    Conclusion  We identified and characterised the first pediocin produced by a human intestinal  Pediococcus acidilactici  isolate and successfully developed a new real-time PCR assay to show the large distribution of  pedA -containing strains in baby faecal samples.

Detection of the pediocin gene pedA in strains from human faeces by real-time PCR and characterization of Pediococcus acidilacticiUVA1