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Background  Common oral diseases and dental caries can be prevented effectively by passive immunization. In humans, passive immunotherapy may require the use of humanized or human antibodies to prevent adverse immune responses against murine epitopes. Therefore we generated human single chain and diabody antibody derivatives based on the binding characteristics of the murine monoclonal antibody Guy's 13. The murine form of this antibody has been used successfully to prevent  Streptococcus mutans  colonization and the development of dental caries in non-human primates, and to prevent bacterial colonization in human clinical trials.    Results  The antibody derivatives were generated using a chain-shuffling approach based on human antibody variable gene phage-display libraries. Like the parent antibody, these derivatives bound specifically to SAI/II, the surface adhesin of the oral pathogen  S. mutans .    Conclusions  Humanization of murine antibodies can be easily achieved using phage display libraries. The human antibody fragments bind the antigen as well as the causative agent of dental caries. In addition the human diabody derivative is capable of aggregating  S. mutans in vitro , making it a useful candidate passive immunotherapeutic agent for oral diseases.

Generation of human antibody fragments against Streptococcus mutans using a phage display chain shuffling approach.