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Background  IUGR infants are thought to have impaired gut function after birth, which may result in intestinal disturbances, ranging from temporary intolerance to the enteral feeding to full-blown NEC.  In literature there is no consensus regarding the impact of enteral feeding on intestinal blood flow and hence regarding the best regimen and the best rate of delivering the enteral nutrition.    Methods/design  This is a randomized, non-pharmacological, single-center, cross-over study including 20 VLBW infants.  Inclusion criteria  * Weight at birth ranging: 700–1501 grams  * Gestational age up to 25 weeks and 6 days  * Written informed consent from parents or guardians  Exclusion criteria  * Major congenital abnormality  * Patients enrolled in other trials  * Significant multi-organ failure prior to trial entry  * Pre-existing cutaneous disease not allowing the placement of the NIRS’ probe  In the first 24 hours of life, between the 48 th  and 72 nd  hours of life, and during Minimal Enteral Feeding, all infants’ intestinal perfusion will be evaluated with NIRS and a Doppler of the superior mesenteric artery will be executed.  At the achievement of an enteral intake of 100 mL/Kg/day the patients (IUGR and NON IUGR separately) will be randomized in 2 groups: Group A (n=10) will receive a feed by  bolus  (in 10 minutes); then, after at least 3 hours, they will receive the same amount of formula administered in 3 hours. Group B (n=10) will receive a feed administered in 3 hours followed by a  bolus  administration of the same amount of formula (in 10 minutes) after at least 3 hours.  On the randomization day intestinal and cerebral regional oximetry will be measured via NIRS. Intestinal and celebral oximetry will be measured before the feed and 30 minutes after the feed by  bolus  during the 3 hours nutrition the measurements will be performed before the feed, 30 minutes from the start of the nutrition and 30 minutes after the end of the gavage. An evaluation of blood flow velocity of the superior mesenteric artery will be performed meanwhile. The infants of the Group A will be fed with continuous nutrition until the achievement of full enteral feeding. The infants of the Group B will be fed by  bolus  until the achievement of full enteral feeding.    Discussion  Evaluations of intestinal oximetry and superior mesenteric artery blood flow after the feed may help in differentiating how the feeding regimen alters the splanchnic blood flow and oxygenation and if the changes induced by feeding are different in IUGR versus NON IUGR infants.    Trial registration number  NCT01341236

bmc pediatrics

Evaluation of splanchnic oximetry, Doppler flow velocimetry in the superior mesenteric artery and feeding tolerance in very low birth weight IUGR and non-IUGR infants receiving bolus versus continuous enteral nutrition