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Background  The MYB superfamily constitutes the most abundant group of transcription factors described in plants. Members control processes such as epidermal cell differentiation, stomatal aperture, flavonoid synthesis, cold and drought tolerance and pathogen resistance. No genome-wide characterization of this family has been conducted in a woody species such as grapevine. In addition, previous analysis of the recently released grape genome sequence suggested expansion events of several gene families involved in wine quality.    Results  We describe and classify 108 members of the grape  R2R3 MYB  gene subfamily in terms of their genomic gene structures and similarity to their putative  Arabidopsis thaliana  orthologues. Seven gene models were derived and analyzed in terms of gene expression and their DNA binding domain structures. Despite low overall sequence homology in the C-terminus of all proteins, even in those with similar functions across  Arabidopsis  and  Vitis , highly conserved motif sequences and exon lengths were found. The grape epidermal cell fate clade is expanded when compared with the  Arabidopsis  and rice MYB subfamilies. Two anthocyanin  MYBA  related clusters were identified in chromosomes 2 and 14, one of which includes the previously described grape colour locus. Tannin related loci were also detected with eight candidate homologues in chromosomes 4, 9 and 11.    Conclusion  This genome wide transcription factor analysis in  Vitis  suggests that clade-specific grape  R2R3 MYB  genes are expanded while other MYB genes could be well conserved compared to  Arabidopsis .  MYB  gene abundance, homology and orientation within particular loci also suggests that expanded MYB clades conferring quality attributes of grapes and wines, such as colour and astringency, could possess redundant, overlapping and cooperative functions.

bmc plant biology

Analysis of the grape MYB R2R3 subfamily reveals expanded wine quality-related clades and conserved gene structure organization across Vitis and Arabidopsis genomes