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Background  Chromosome pairing, recombination and DNA repair are essential processes during meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms. Investigating the bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.)  Ph2  ( P airing  h omoeologous) locus has identified numerous candidate genes that may have a role in controlling such processes, including  TaMSH7 , a plant specific member of the DNA mismatch repair family.    Results  Sequencing of the three  MSH7  genes, located on the short arms of wheat chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D, has revealed no significant sequence divergence at the amino acid level suggesting conservation of function across the homoeogroups. Functional analysis of  MSH7  through the use of RNAi loss-of-function transgenics was undertaken in diploid barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.). Quantitative real-time PCR revealed several T 0  lines with reduced  MSH7  expression. Positive segregants from two T 1  lines studied in detail showed reduced  MSH7  expression when compared to transformed controls and null segregants. Expression of  MSH6 , another member of the mismatch repair family which is most closely related to the  MSH7  gene, was not significantly reduced in these lines. In both T 1  lines, reduced seed set in positive segregants was observed.    Conclusion  Results presented here indicate, for the first time, a distinct functional role for  MSH7 in vivo  and show that expression of this gene is necessary for wild-type levels of fertility. These observations suggest that  MSH7  has an important function during meiosis and as such remains a candidate for  Ph2 .

TaMSH7: A cereal mismatch repair gene that affects fertility in transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)