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Background   Tamarix spp.  are woody halophyte, which are very tolerant to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought, but little is known about their specific stress response systems. Basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) play important roles in the ability of plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions. However, their exact roles in abiotic stress tolerance are still not fully known. In the current study, we functionally characterized a  bZIP  gene ( ThbZIP1 ) from  Tamarix hispida  in response to abiotic stresses.    Results  We addressed the regulatory network of  ThbZIP1  in three levels, i.e. its upstream regulators, the cis-acting elements recognized by  ThbZIP1 , and its downstream target genes. Two MYCs were found to bind to E-box, in the promoter of  ThbZIP1  to activate its expression. Expression of  ThbZIP1  is induced by ABA, salt, drought, methyl viologen and cold. ThbZIP1 can specifically bind to ACGT elements, with the highest binding affinity to the C-box, followed by the G-box and lastly the A-box. Compared with wild-type (Col-0) Arabidopsis, transgenic plants expressing  ThbZIP1  had an increased tolerance to drought and salt, but had an increased sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and root growth; meanwhile, ROS level, cell death and water loss rate in transgenic plants were significantly reduced. Microarray analyses showed that many ROS scavenging genes were up-regulated by  ThbZIP1  under salt stress conditions.    Conclusions  Based on these data, we suggest that ThbZIP1 confers abiotic stress tolerance through activating stress tolerance genes to modulate ROS scavenging ability and other physiological changes involved in stress tolerance, and plays an important role in the ABA-mediated stress response of  T. hispida .

The bZIP protein from Tamarix hispida, ThbZIP1, is ACGT elements binding factor that enhances abiotic stress signaling in transgenic Arabidopsis