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Background  Alloplasmic wheat lines with  Aegilops crassa  cytoplasm often show homeotic conversion of stamens into pistils under long-day conditions. In the pistillody-exhibiting florets, an ectopic ovule is formed within the transformed stamens, and female sterility is also observed because of abnormal integument development.    Results  In this study, four wheat  Bell1 -like homeobox ( BLH ) genes were isolated and named  WBLH1  to  WBLH4 .  WBLH1 / WBLH3 / WBLH4  expression was observed in the basal boundary region of the ovary in both normal pistils and transformed stamens.  WBLH2  was also strongly expressed in integuments not only of normal ovules in pistils but also of the ectopic ovules in transformed stamens, and the  WBLH2  expression pattern in the sterile pistils seemed to be identical to that in normal ovules of fertile pistils. In addition, WBLH1 and WBLH3 showed interactions with the three wheat KNOX proteins through the BEL domain. WBLH2, however, formed a complex with wheat KNOTTED1 and ROUGH SHEATH1 orthologs through SKY and BEL domains, but not with a wheat LIGULELESS4 ortholog.    Conclusions  Expression of the four  WBLH  genes is evident in reproductive organs including pistils and transformed stamens and is independent from female sterility in alloplasmic wheat lines with  Ae. crassa  cytoplasm. KNOX-BLH interaction was conserved among various plant species, indicating the significance of KNOX-BLH complex formation in wheat developmental processes. The functional features of  WBLH2  are likely to be distinct from other  BLH  gene functions in wheat development.

Characterization of wheat Bell1-type homeobox genes in floral organs of alloplasmic lines with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm