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Background  In  Drosophila melanogaster  dosage compensation of most X-linked genes is mediated by the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex, which includes MOF. MOF acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac). The X-linked  Larval serum protein one  α ( Lsp1 α) gene has long been known to be not dosage compensated. Here we have examined possible explanations for why the  Lsp1 α gene is not dosage compensated.    Results  Quantitative RNase protection analysis showed that the genes flanking  Lsp1 α are expressed equally in males and females and confirmed that  Lsp1 α is not dosage compensated. Unlike control X-linked genes,  Lsp1 α was not enriched for H4K16ac in the third instar larval fat body, the tissue in which the gene is actively expressed. X-linked  Lsp1α promoter-lacZ  reporter transgenes are enriched for H4K16ac in third instar larval fat body. An X-linked reporter gene bracketed by  Lsp1 α flanking regions was dosage compensated. One of the genes flanking  Lsp1 α is expressed in the same tissue. This gene shows a modest enrichment for H4K16ac but only at the part of the gene most distant from  Lsp1 α. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the genomes of 12  Drosophila  species shows that  Lsp1 α is only present within the  melanogaster  subgroup of species.    Conclusion   Lsp1 α is not modified by the MSL complex but is in a region of the X chromosome that is regulated by the MSL complex. The high activity or tissue-specificity of the  Lsp1 α promoter does not prevent regulation by the MSL complex. The regions flanking  Lsp1 α do not appear to block access by the MSL complex.  Lsp1 α appears to have recently evolved within the  melanogaster  subgroup of  Drosophila  species. The most likely explanation for why  Lsp1 α is not dosage compensated is that the gene has not evolved a mechanism to independently recruit the MSL complex, possibly because of its recent evolutionary origin, and because there appears to be a low level of bound MSL complex in a nearby gene that is active in the same tissue.

bmc molecular biology

The non-dosage compensated Lsp1α gene of Drosophila melanogaster escapes acetylation by MOF in larval fat body nuclei, but is flanked by two dosage compensated genes