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Background  Mammalian Gli proteins are important transcription factors involved in the regulation of Sonic hedgehog signal transduction pathway. Association of Gli2 with mammalian development and human disease led us to study the structure and expression of the human  GLI2 .    Results  We show that the region encoding GLI2 repressor domain is subject to alternative splicing in the gonadal tissues and different cell lines. Two major alternatively spliced forms of  GLI2  mRNA arise from skipping exon 3 ( GLI2 Δ3) or exons 4 and 5 ( GLI2 Δ4–5). Both forms contain premature translational stop codons in the  GLI2  open reading frame (ORF) starting from exon 2. Translation of  GLI2 Δ3 and  GLI2 Δ4–5  in vitro , initiated from downstream AUG codons, produced N-terminally truncated proteins. In Gli-dependent transactivation assay, expression of  GLI2 Δ3 induced activation of the reporter gene similar to that of the full-length construct ( GLI2 fl) containing complete ORF. However, expression of the  GLI2 Δ4–5 resulted in about 10-fold increase in activation, suggesting that deletion of the major part of repressor domain was responsible for the enhanced activation of GLI2 protein.    Conclusion  Our data suggest that in addition to proteolytic processing, alternative splicing may be another important regulatory mechanism for the modulation of repressor and activator properties of GLI2 protein.

A potential role of alternative splicing in the regulation of the transcriptional activity of human GLI2 in gonadal tissues