English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  Reference genes are frequently used to normalise mRNA levels between different samples. The expression level of these genes, however, may vary between tissues or cells and may change under certain circumstances. Cytoskeleton genes have served as multifunctional tools for experimental studies as reference genes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of vimentin, one cytoskeletal protein, was increased in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated fibroblasts. Thus, we examined the expression of other cytoskeleton protein genes,  ACTB  ( actin, beta ),  TUBA1A  ( tubulin, alpha 1a ), and  TUBB1  ( tubulin, beta 1 ), in human dermal fibroblasts irradiated by UVB to determine which of these candidates were the most appropriate reference genes.    Results  Quantitative real-time PCR followed by analysis with the NormFinder and geNorm software programmes was performed. The initial screening of the expression patterns demonstrated that the expression of  VIM  was suppressed after UVB irradiation at doses ≥25 mJ/cm 2  and that the expression of  TUBA1A  was significantly reduced by UVB doses ≥75 mJ/cm 2  in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. The analysis of the experimental data revealed  ACTB  to be the most stably expressed gene, followed by  GAPDH  ( aglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ), under these experimental conditions. By contrast,  VIM  was found to be the least stable gene. The combination of  ACTB  and  TUBB1  was revealed to be the gene pair that introduced the least systematic error into the data normalisation.    Conclusion  The data herein provide evidence that  ACTB  and  TUBB1  are suitable reference genes in human skin fibroblasts irradiated by UVB, whereas  VIM  and  TUBA1A  are not and should therefore be excluded as reference genes in any gene expression studies involving UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblasts.

Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in ultraviolet B-irradiated human skin fibroblasts using quantitative real-time PCR