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Background  The wild rodent  Calomys callosus  is notably resistant to  Trypanosoma cruzi  infection. In order to better characterize this animal model for experimental infections, we inoculated  C .  callosus  intraperitoneally with  Paracoccidioides brasiliensis , a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes a chronic disease with severe granuloma formation in the mouse and humans. The dissemination of  P. brasiliensis  cells through the lungs, liver, pancreas, and spleen was assessed by histological analysis.    Results  The animals were susceptible to infection and showed a granulomatous reaction.  C. callosus  presented peritonitis characterized by the presence of exudates containing a large number of yeast cells. Extensive accumulation of yeast cells with intense destruction of the parenchyma was observed in the pancreas, which reduced the glucose levels of infected animals. These lesions were regressive in the liver, spleen, and lungs until complete recovery. The role of estrogen during  C. callosus  infection with  P. brasiliensis  was addressed by infecting ovariectomized animals. It was observed a reduced inflammatory response as well as reduced extension of tissue damage. Removal of ovaries reestablished the normal glucose levels during infection.    Conclusion  Taken together, the results presented here reveal the pancreas as being an important organ for the persistence of  P. brasiliensis  during infection of  C. callosus  and that estrogen plays an important role in the susceptibility of the animals to this pathogen.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis pancreatic destruction in Calomys callosusexperimentally infected