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Background   Trichomonas vaginalis  is a human urogenital pathogen responsible for trichomonosis, the number-one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide, while  T. tenax  is a commensal of the human oral cavity, found particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene and advanced periodontal disease. The extent of genetic identity between  T. vaginalis  and its oral commensal counterpart is unknown.    Results  Genes that were differentially expressed in  T. vaginalis  were identified by screening three independent subtraction cDNA libraries enriched for  T. vaginalis  genes. The same thirty randomly selected cDNA clones encoding for proteins with specific functions associated with colonization were identified from each of the subtraction cDNA libraries. In addition, a  T. vaginalis  cDNA expression library was screened with patient sera that was first pre-adsorbed with an extract of  T. tenax  antigens, and seven specific cDNA clones were identified from this cDNA library. Interestingly, some of the clones identified by the subtraction cDNA screening were also obtained from the cDNA expression library with the pre-adsorbed sera. Moreover and noteworthy, clones identified by both the procedures were found to be up-regulated in expression in  T. vaginalis  upon contact with vaginal epithelial cells, suggesting a role for these gene products in host colonization. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of select clones showed that the genes were not unique to  T. vaginalis  and that these genes were also present in  T. tenax , albeit at very low levels of expression.    Conclusion  These results suggest that  T. vaginalis  and  T. tenax  have remarkable genetic identity and that  T. vaginalis  has higher levels of gene expression when compared to that of  T. tenax . The data may suggest that  T. tenax  could be a variant of  T. vaginalis .

Genetic identity and differential gene expression between Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas tenax