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Background  Nontyphoidal  Salmonella  is the main cause of human salmonellosis. In order to study the prevalent serogroups and serovars of clinical isolates in Taiwan, 8931  Salmonellae  isolates were collected from 19 medical centers and district hospitals throughout the country from 2004 to 2007. The pulsed-field eletrophoresis types (PFGE) and antibiotic resistance profiles of  Salmonella enterica  serovars Bareilly ( S . Bareilly) and Braenderup ( S . Braenderup) were compared, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) plasmids were characterized.    Results  Over 95% of human salmonellosis in Taiwan was caused by five  Salmonella  serogroups: B, C1, C2-C3, D1, and E1.  S . Typhymurium,  S . Enteritidis,  S . Stanley and  S . Newport were the four most prevalent serovars, accounting for about 64% of isolates. While only one or two major serovars from four of the most prevalent serogroups were represented, four predominant serovars were found in serogroup C1  Salmonellae . The prevalence was decreasing for  S . Choleraeuis and  S . Braenderup, and S. Virchow and increasing for  S . Bareilly.  S . Braenderup mainly caused gastroenteritis in children; in contrast,  S . Bareiley infected children and elderly people. Both serovars differed by  Xba I-PFGE patterns. Almost all  S . Bareilly isolates were susceptible to antibiotics of interest, while all lacked plasmids and belonged to one clone. Two distinct major clones in  S . Braenderup were cluster A, mainly including MDR isolates with large MDR plasmid from North Taiwan, and cluster B, mainly containing susceptible isolates without R plasmid from South Taiwan. In cluster A, there were two types of conjugative R plasmids with sizes ranging from 75 to 130 kb. Type 1 plasmids consisted of replicons F1A/F1B,  bla  TEM , IS 26 , and a class 1 integron with the genes  dfrA12 - orfF - aadA2-qacE Δ1- sulI . Type 2 plasmids belonged to incompatibility group Inc I , contained  tnpA - bla  CMY-2 - blc - sugE  genetic structures and lacked both IS 26  and class 1 integrons. Although type 2 plasmids showed higher conjugation capability, type 1 plasmids were the predominant plasmid.    Conclusions  Serogroups B, C1, C2-C3, D1, and E1 of  Salmonella  caused over 95% of human salmonellosis. Two prevalent serovars within serogroup C1,  S . Bareilly and cluster B of S. Braenderup, were clonal and drug-susceptible. However, cluster A of  S . Braenderup was MDR and probably derived from susceptible isolates by acquiring one of two distinct conjugative R plasmids.

bmc microbiology

Clonal dissemination of the multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Braenderup, but not the serovar Bareilly, of prevalent serogroup C1 Salmonella from Taiwan