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Background   Serratia marcescens  is a gram-negative bacterium and often causes nosocomial infections. There have been few studies of the virulence factors of this bacterium. The only  S. marcescens  hemolytic and cytotoxic factor reported, thus far, is the hemolysin ShlA.    Results  An  S. marcescens shl AB deletion mutant was constructed and shown to have no contact hemolytic activity. However, the deletion mutant retained hemolytic activity on human blood agar plates, indicating the presence of another  S. marcescens  hemolytic factor. Functional cloning of  S. marcescens  identified a phospholipase A (PhlA) with hemolytic activity on human blood agar plates. A  phl AB deletion mutant lost hemolytic activity on human blood agar plates. Purified recombinant PhlA hydrolyzed several types of phospholipids and exhibited phospholipase A1 (PLA1), but not phospholipase A2 (PLA2), activity. The cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of PhlA both required phospholipids as substrates.    Conclusion  We have shown that the  S. marcescens phlA  gene produces hemolysis on human blood agar plates. PhlA induces destabilization of target cell membranes in the presence of phospholipids. Our results indicated that the lysophospholipids produced by PhlA affected cell membranes resulting in hemolysis and cell death.

The hemolytic and cytolytic activities of Serratia marcescensphospholipase A (PhlA) depend on lysophospholipid production by PhlA