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Background   Streptomyces coelicolor  is the most studied  Streptomyces  species and an excellent model for studying differentiation and antibiotic production. To date, many genes have been identified to be required for its differentiation (e.g.  bld  genes for aerial growth and  whi  genes for sporulation) and antibiotics production (including  actII-orf4 ,  redD ,  cdaR  as pathway-specific regulatory genes and  afsR ,  absA1/A2  as pleiotropic regulatory genes).    Results  A gene cluster containing six genes ( SCO4126-4131 ) was proved to be co-transcribed in  S. coelicolor . Deletions of  cmdABCDEF  ( SCO4126-4131 ) displayed defective sporulation including formation of aberrant branches, and abnormalities in chromosome segregation and spore septation. Disruption mutants of apparently orthologous genes of  S. lividans  and  S. avermitilis  also showed defective sporulation, implying that the role of these genes is similar among  Streptomyces . Transcription of  cmdB , and therefore presumably of the whole operon, was regulated developmentally. Five of the encoded proteins (CmdA, C, D, E, F) were predicted membrane proteins. The other, CmdB, a predicted ATP/GTP-binding protein with an ABC-transporter-ATPase domain shown here to be essential for its function, was also located on the cell membrane. These results indicate that CmdABCDEF proteins mainly affect  Streptomyces  differentiation at an early stage of aerial hyphae formation, and suggest that these proteins may form a complex on cell membrane for proper segregation of chromosomes. In addition, deletions of  cmdABCDEF  also revealed over-production of blue-pigmented actinorhodin (Act) via activation of transcription of the pathway-specific regulatory gene  actII-orf4  of actinorhodin biosynthesis.    Conclusion  In this study, six co-transcribed genes  cmdABCDEF  were identified by their effects on differentiation and antibiotic production in  Streptomyces coelicolor  A3(2). These six membrane-located proteins are possibly assembled into a complex to function.

cmdABCDEF, a cluster of genes encoding membrane proteins for differentiation and antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolorA3(2)