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Background  Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) based on phenotypic tests is time-consuming, labor-intensive, expensive and often provides erroneous or inconclusive results. In the molecular method referred to as PRA- hsp65 , a fragment of the  hsp65  gene is amplified by PCR and then analyzed by restriction digest; this rapid approach offers the promise of accurate, cost-effective species identification. The aim of this study was to determine whether species identification of NTM using PRA- hsp65  is sufficiently reliable to serve as the routine methodology in a reference laboratory.    Results  A total of 434 NTM isolates were obtained from 5019 cultures submitted to the Institute Adolpho Lutz, Sao Paulo Brazil, between January 2000 and January 2001. Species identification was performed for all isolates using conventional phenotypic methods and PRA- hsp65 . For isolates for which these methods gave discordant results, definitive species identification was obtained by sequencing a 441 bp fragment of  hsp65 . Phenotypic evaluation and PRA- hsp65  were concordant for 321 (74%) isolates. These assignments were presumed to be correct. For the remaining 113 discordant isolates, definitive identification was based on sequencing a 441 bp fragment of  hsp65 . PRA- hsp65  identified 30 isolates with  hsp65  alleles representing 13 previously unreported PRA- hsp65  patterns. Overall, species identification by PRA- hsp65  was significantly more accurate than by phenotype methods (392 (90.3%) vs. 338 (77.9%), respectively; p < .0001, Fisher's test). Among the 333 isolates representing the most common pathogenic species, PRA- hsp65  provided an incorrect result for only 1.2%.    Conclusion  PRA- hsp65  is a rapid and highly reliable method and deserves consideration by any clinical microbiology laboratory charged with performing species identification of NTM.

bmc microbiology

Reliable identification of mycobacterial species by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA)-hsp65 in a reference laboratory and elaboration of a sequence-based extended algorithm of PRA-hsp65patterns