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Background   Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus  is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. Although the life cycle of  Bdellovibrio  has been extensively investigated, very little is known about the mechanisms involved in predation.    Results  Host-Independent (HI) mutants of  B. bacteriovorus  were isolated from wild-type strain 109J. Predation assays confirmed that the selected HI mutants retained their ability to prey on host cells grown planktonically and in a biofilm. A mariner transposon library of  B. bacteriovorus  HI was constructed and HI mutants that were impaired in their ability to attack biofilms were isolated. Transposon insertion sites were determined using arbitrary polymerase chain reaction. Ten HI transposon mutants mapped to genes predicted to be involved in mechanisms previously implicated in predation (flagella, pili and chemotaxis) were further examined for their ability to reduce biofilms.    Conclusion  In this study we describe a new method for isolating genes that are required for  Bdellovibrio  biofilm predation. Focusing on mechanisms that were previously attributed to be involved in predation, we demonstrate that motility systems are required for predation of bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, genes identified in this study suggest that surface gliding motility may also play a role in predation of biofilms consistent with Bdellovibrios occupying a biofilm niche. We believe that the methodology presented here will open the way for future studies on the mechanisms involved in  Bdellovibrio  host-prey interaction and a greater insight of the biology of this unique organism.

bmc microbiology

Development of a novel system for isolating genes involved in predator-prey interactions using host independent derivatives of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J