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Background  Probiotics such as bifidobacteria have been shown to maintain a healthy intestinal microbial balance and help protect against infections. However, despite these benefits, bifidobacteria still remain poorly understood at the biochemical, physiological and especially the genetic level. Herein we describe, for the first time, the development of a non-invasive luciferase-based reporter system for real-time tracking of  Bifidobacterium  species  in vivo .    Results  The reporter vector pLuxMC1 is based on the recently described theta-type plasmid pBC1 from  B. catenatulatum  [ 1 ] and the  luxABCDE  operon from pPL2lux [ 2 ]. Derivatives of pLuxMC1, harbouring a bifidobacterial promoter (pLuxMC2) as well as a synthetically derived promoter (pLuxMC3) [ 3 ] placed upstream of  luxABCDE , were constructed and found to stably replicate in  B. breve  UCC2003. The subsequent analysis of these strains allowed us to assess the functionality of pLuxMC1 both  in vitro  and  in vivo .    Conclusion  Our results demonstrate the potential of pLuxMC1 as a real-time, non-invasive reporter system for  Bifidobacterium . It has also allowed us, for the first time, to track the colonisation potential and persistence of this probiotic species in real time. An interesting and significant outcome of the study is the identification of the caecum as a niche environment for  B. breve  UCC2003 within the mouse gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract.

Development of a luciferase-based reporter system to monitor Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 persistence in mice