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Background  The  hfq  gene is conserved in a wide variety of bacteria and Hfq is involved in many cellular functions such as stress responses and the regulation of gene expression. It has also been reported that Hfq is involved in bacterial pathogenicity. However, it is not clear whether Hfq regulates virulence in  Vibrio parahaemolyticus . To evaluate this, we investigated the effect of Hfq on the expression of virulence-associated genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), which is considered to be an important virulence factor in  V. parahaemolyticus , using an  hfq  deletion mutant.    Results  The production of TDH in the  hfq  deletion mutant was much higher than in the parental strain. Quantification of  tdh  promoter activity and mRNA demonstrated that transcription of the  tdh  gene was up-regulated in the mutant strain. The  hfq -complemented strain had a normal (parental) amount of  tdh  expression. The transcriptional activity of  tdhA  was particularly increased in the mutant strain. These results indicate that Hfq is closely associated with the expression level of the  tdh  gene. Interestingly, other genes involved in the pathogenicity of  V. parahaemolyticus , such as VP1680,  vopC , and  vopT , were also up-regulated in the mutant strain.    Conclusion  Hfq regulates the expression of virulence-associated factors such as TDH and may be involved in the pathogenicity of  V. parahaemolyticus .

Hfq regulates the expression of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus