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Background  Bifidobacteria are found at varying prevalence in human microbiota and seem to play an important role in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Bifidobacteria are highly adapted to the human GIT which is reflected in the genome sequence of a  Bifidobacterim longum  isolate. The competitiveness against other bacteria is not fully understood yet but may be related to the production of antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins. In a previous study, 34  Bifidobacterium  isolates have been isolated from baby faeces among which six showed proteinaceous antilisterial activity against  Listeria monocytogenes . In this study, one of these isolates, RBL67, was further identified and characterized.    Results   Bifidobacterium  isolate RBL67 was classified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. RBL67 was classified as  Bifidobacterium thermophilum  based on phenotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization characteristics, although 16S rDNA analyses and partial  gro EL sequences showed higher homology with  B. thermacidophilum  subsp.  porcinum  and  B. thermacidophilum  subsp.  thermacidophilum , respectively. RBL67 was moderately oxygen-tolerant and was able to grow at pH 4 and at a temperature of 47°C.    Conclusion  In order to assign RBL67 to a species, a polyphasic approach was used. This resulted in the classification of RBL67 as a  Bifidobacterium thermophilum  strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report about  B. thermophilum  isolated from baby faeces since the  B. thermophilum  strains were related to ruminants and swine faeces before.  B. thermophilum  was previously only isolated from animal sources and was therefore suggested to be used as differential species between animal and human contamination. Our findings may disapprove this suggestion and further studies are now conducted to determine whether  B. thermophilum  is distributed broader in human faeces. Furthermore, the postulated differentiation between human and animal strains by growth above 45°C is no longer valid since  B. thermophilum  is able to grow at 47°C. In our study, 16S rDNA and partial  gro EL sequence analysis were not able to clearly assign RBL67 to a species and were contradictory. Our study suggests that partial  gro EL sequences may not be reliable as a single tool for species differentiation.

Classification of a moderately oxygen-tolerant isolate from baby faeces as Bifidobacterium thermophilum