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Background  In the human pathogen  Bacillus cereus , the expression of most extracellular virulence factors is controlled by the transcriptional activator PlcR. Among these virulence factors, cereolysin O (Clo) is an haemolysin belonging to the cholesterol-dependant cytolysins, a protein family extensively studied in Gram-positive bacteria.    Results  In the genomes of bacteria belonging to the  B. cereus  group, including  Bacillus anthracis  and  Bacillus thuringiensis , a small gene encoding a 26-amino acid peptide was present in multicopy. One copy was always found upstream from the gene encoding Clo. In  B. cereus  ATCC 14579, the small gene and the  clo  gene are co-transcribed. Transcriptional fusions showed that the three paralogues identified in this strain were expressed in a PlcR-dependent manner. We propose to name these peptides Spp for small PlcR-regulated peptides. We show that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the deduced product of the  spp  genes displayed antibacterial activity.    Conclusion  The co-expression of  spp , a small PlcR-regulated multicopy gene with  clo  suggests a yet unidentified relationship between Spp and the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin in bacteria belonging to the  B.cereus  group.

Characterization of a small PlcR-regulated gene co-expressed with cereolysin O